The Parisian club has now won the season-opening cup on 14 separate times.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the French league winners and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired twice late to take a shock lead. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital leveler in the final moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty victory.
The record champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the past thirteen years.